Half to joseph g



A U ITED STATES PATENT O FIcE.

FRANoIs J, oLAMER, 0P PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIG-NOR OF ONE HALF TO JOSEPH e. HENnRIoKsoN,oP sAMn PLAon.

PROCESS OF TREATING LEAD TO IM PART TO IT THE PROPERTY OF ADHERI NG TO OTHER METALS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 283,077, dated August 14, 18183. I

' Application filed August 17, 1882 (Specimens) To aZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FRANCIS J GLAMER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Process of Treating Lead to Impart to it the ljroperty of Adhering to other Metals, of which the following is a specification.

-Heretofore great difficulty has been experienced in coating the surfaces of metals with lead, and by theordinary method it is almost impossible to put a smooth surface .of this similar flux, and by this method so change the nature of the metal that by a process similar I to galvanizing with zinc the surfaces of met als, such as iron, copper, brass, &c., may be covered with a complete, smooth, and permanent Melted lead is also thick and sluggish. Consequently a coating formed in the ordinary these difficulties are overcome.

coating of lead, free from holes, and not liable to scale off. y

Lead while in a molten state absorbs various gases from its surroundings and from the atmosphere. The gases thus absorbed prevent it from adhering closely to the surface of metals dipped in it, and cause the small holes and. blisters frequently found in a sheet of metal coated with lead in the usual way.

manner is full of ridges, the metal being very unevenly distributed over the surface of the sheet. I have discovered a process whereby I treat the lead while in a molten state with certain articles, which render it peculiarly adapted for use as a coating material. These articles are sal-ammoniac, arsenic, and phosphate of lead. The salammoniac has great cleansing power, and drives out from the lead all the gasesand impurities which it has absorbed from its sur roundings. The arsenic, by its hardening and solidifying qualities, renders the lead incapable of receiving any further impurities or gases. In my experiments I have found that it makes the lead permanently impervious to l these influences, and the lead may be melted of the arsenic. The phosphate of lead destroys the sluggishness and renders the mass limpid and easily-flowing. I have found that the combined effectof these materials upon a mass of molten lead, when applied as hereinafter set forth, is to render it an excellent coating. The hardening infiuence of the arsenicis mollified by the softening and liquefying effect of the phosphate, while the tendency of phosphorus in its crude state to render the lead scaly is taken away by the cleansing effect of the sal-ammoniac.

To carry my invention into effect I take orable for the purpose, after which the surface of the inelted metal is covered with powdered charcoal. This is done to prevent oxidation and to retain the materials which I afterward introduce. When the lead has thus beenmelted and covered with charcoal, I add, for every one hunammoniac, then half, an ounce of arsenic, and after this three ounces of the phosphate of lead, and, lastly, half an ounce of borax ora similar flux. These substances are introduced sepa rately and immediately one, after the other, the metal being. gentlyagitated meanwhile, in order that they may be thoroughly distributed through the whole mass. When the metal has been thus treated, all that is necessary in in the same manner as when galvanizing with zinc. If the metal is not needed for immediate use, it may be run into bars or ingots and used at any future time, either as a solder or for coating the surfaces of articles.

The action of salammoniac, arsenic, and phosphate of lead, as herein set out, is not confined to lead alone; but other metals-such as tin and zinc-that are used for metal-coating may be improved in a similar manner. I do not therefore confine my invention solely to the treatment of lead.

The proportions of sal-ammoniac, arsenic, phosphate of lead, and borax may be varied, and the use of the bOlZtX ortfiux omitted entirely; but I have found by experimenting that dinary pig-lead and melt it in a-vessel suit dred pounds of lead, first three ounces of -salorder to coat an article is to free the surface. thereof from any dirt or scale and then dip it over and over again without losing the effect similar metals and preparing them for metalcoating, which consists in providing a molten bath of the metal and subjecting it to the 210- I5 tion of sal-ammoniac, arsenic, and phosphate of lead, substantially as herein set forth.

In' testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRANCIS J. GLAMER.

\Vitnesses: THOMAS D. MoWLDs, FRED J. LAMBERT. 

